Why in news?
- Climate change has become a defining challenge of our times, and India, a nation of 1.4 billion people, finds itself on the frontlines.
- The country is particularly vulnerable due to its geographical location and massive population density.
- Extreme weather events like floods, droughts, and heatwaves are becoming more common, threatening agricultural productivity, water resources, and public health.
- India’s climate policy must navigate this complex reality.
- The nation aspires to achieve economic and social development for its citizens while simultaneously mitigating its contribution to climate change and adapting to its inevitable consequences
The Legacy of Overconsumption, The Call for Climate Justice
- The world confronts a harsh reality: developed countries have disproportionately polluted the atmosphere for decades.
- A recent study exposes how the US and Europe are responsible for the majority of global ecological damage.
- This excessive consumption has created an unfair situation where developing nations like India, despite minimal historical emissions, face the gravest consequences of climate change.
India’s Climate Policy: A Multi-Faceted Approach
- India’s climate policy is shaped by five key factors:
- Geography: A landmass rich in biodiversity and susceptible to seasonal disruptions due to climate change.
- Population: A massive population density that necessitates efficient land and water management.
- Impacts: India is one of the most vulnerable countries to extreme weather events, with rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns threatening its GDP and living standards.
- Worldview: Deeply rooted in the concept of living in harmony with nature, as reflected in ancient texts and philosophies like Gandhi’s ideals.
- Actions: Despite low historical emissions, India is taking resolute action. It champions the CBDR-RC principle (Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities) at international forums and has established the International Solar Alliance (ISA) to promote renewable energy transition.
A Clear and Consistent Path
- India’s climate policy is not a recent development.
- The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) launched in 2008, with its eight missions, laid the groundwork for comprehensive action.
- Thirty-four states have formulated their own action plans, reflecting a coordinated national effort.
Confidence and Convenience: The New Mantras
- India’s approach to climate action is characterized by confidence and a focus on convenient solutions.
- Prime Minister Modi’s slogan of ‘Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas, Sabka Vishwas, Sabka Prayaas’ (Collective Effort, Inclusive Development, Mutual Trust, and Shared Endeavor) embodies this spirit. Initiatives like the ‘Lifestyle for Environment’ movement encourage sustainable living choices for the masses.
Achievements and Ambitions
- India has made significant strides in recent years.
- Its solar energy capacity has skyrocketed, achieving a target of 40% non-fossil fuel installed capacity well ahead of schedule.
- Wind energy has also seen impressive growth, making India a leader in renewable energy.
- Looking ahead, India’s long-term low emissions development strategy submitted to the UNFCCC showcases its commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070.
- It has successfully decoupled economic growth from emissions, reducing its GDP’s emission intensity by 33% between 2005 and 2019.
Beyond Policy: A Call for Global Cooperation
- India recognizes that development and environmental protection are intertwined. It emphasizes the ancient Indian principle of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ – the world is one family.
- This philosophy of global unity and empathy for all living beings underscores the need for international cooperation to address climate change.
- India’s model of sustainable development, built on scientific evidence and practical solutions, offers a compelling alternative to narratives dominated by the developed world.
- It serves as a rallying cry for developing countries to chart their own path towards a sustainable future.
People also ask
Q1: Why is climate change a major concern for India?
Ans : India’s large population and geography make it vulnerable to floods, droughts, and heatwaves due to climate change.
Q2 : What are India’s climate policy goals?
Ans: India’s climate policy goals Balancing economic growth with environmental protection and achieving climate justice (developed nations taking more responsibility).
Q3: What are some key initiatives?
Ans: National Action Plan (NAPCC) with eight climate action missions, International Solar Alliance (ISA) for renewable energy, and state-specific climate action plans.
Q4: What are India’s achievements?
Ans: Increased solar and wind power capacity, reduced emissions intensity, and a long-term net-zero target by 2070.
Q5: How can the world help?
Ans : Developed nations can reduce emissions, offer technology and finance, and collaborate for a sustainable future.
